حدود الدولة العثمانية. علاّمة سوري: خدمات العثمانيين للإسلام تجاوزت حدود الدولة

History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, Volume 1, By Stanford Jay Shaw, Ezel Kural Shaw, pg Antony Black, ibid, page 197• Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p
The Ottomans: Empire of Faith The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of latin christianity; Zsolt Hunyadi page 226• London University Press, Oxford U

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علاّمة سوري: خدمات العثمانيين للإسلام تجاوزت حدود الدولة
Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p
حدود الدولة العثمانية
Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p
حدود الدولة العثمانية
Von Gabriel Piterberg, An Ottoman Tragedy: History and Historiography at Play, pp
"World War I and the Armenian Genocide" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II, pp Norwich 1996 Byzantium: the Decline and Fall, Penguin, London p
Von Helen Gardner, Horst De la Croix, Richard G A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility

Mustafa Kemal Pasha's speech on his arrival in Ankara in November 1919• Imber, Colin, The Ottoman Empire.

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خريطة: ما حققته حدود الدولة العثمانية وفشلت في تحقيقه حدود «سايكس بيكو»
Glasse, Cyril, New Encyclopedia of Islam, Rowman Altamira, 2003 , 229
حدوتة الحدود المصرية (تقرير شامل)
Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p
خريطة: ما حققته حدود الدولة العثمانية وفشلت في تحقيقه حدود «سايكس بيكو»
Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream, New York: Basic Books, 2005 , 57
7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, 1911 , 3; " Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire "Weary of Modern Fictions, Turks Glory in Splendor of Ottoman Past," New York Times
Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p Shaw, S: History of the Ottoman empire and Modern Turkey: I pp

The Cambridge history of Islam by Peter Malcolm Holt,Ann K.

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خريطة: ما حققته حدود الدولة العثمانية وفشلت في تحقيقه حدود «سايكس بيكو»
History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, Volume 1, By Stanford Jay Shaw, Ezel Kural Shaw, pg
سلاطين الدولة العثمانية بالترتيب
Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p
الدولة السعودية الثالثة
"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia"